7 Information technology (IT) monitoring and management software also illustrate the potential for contagious exposure, which can break through the defences of critical cybersecurity supply chains, as shown by the Solar Winds Orion attack that occurred in late 2020. 6 In December 2021, just one week after discovering a critical security flaw in a widely used software library (Log4j), more than 100 attempts at exploiting the vulnerability were detected every minute, illustrating how free access coding can spread vulnerabilities widely. For example, the digitalization of physical supply chains creates new vulnerabilities because those supply chains rely on technology providers and other third parties, which are also exposed to similar, potentially contagious, threats. In the context of widespread dependency on increasingly complex digital systems, growing cyberthreats are outpacing societies’ ability to effectively prevent and manage them. 4 While these capabilities afford tremendous opportunities for businesses and societies to use technology in ways that can dramatically improve efficiency, quality and productivity, these same capabilities also expose users to elevated and more pernicious forms of digital and cyber risk. In parallel, the appetite for capabilities predicated upon using multiple technologies working in concert-including artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT)/Internet of Robotic Things-enabled devices, edge computing, blockchain and 5G-is only growing. Remote work has also moved digital exchanges from office networks to residential ones, which have a greater variety of connected devices with less protection against cyber intrusion. 3 These systems, while powerful tools for data and processing, attach an additional layer of dependency on service providers. 2 The COVID-19-induced shift to remote work has accelerated the adoption of platforms and devices that allow sensitive data to be shared with third parties-cloud service providers, data aggregators, application programming interfaces (APIs), and other technology-related intermediaries. Growing dependency on digital systems over the last 20 years has drastically shifted the way many societies function.
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